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Short Guide to Turabian Documentation

Prepared by T. P. Bostick

FOOTNOTES
See Turabian, 175-77, for a list of footnote and bibliography examples which are found on pp. 177-228.

TURABIAN: PURPOSE OF FOOTNOTES

1. to cite authority for facts, opinions and quotations.

2. to cross reference other sections of the paper.

3. to amplify or explain material in the text.

9.0 4. to make acknowledgements.

9.6,9 The footnote number should be superscripted at the end of the text material to which it refers. Note number is superscripted after any punctuation (except dash). If notes are placed at the bottom of the page, a two-inch line (or a line from margin to margin) should be typed on the first line following text. Two lines below that, you should indent five spaces, superscript the footnote number and type the footnote. You may also type the notes on a separate page at the end of the paper, with the heading FOOTNOTES at the top of that page. (On typing footnotes, see: Turabian, 13:16-26).

9.18 Titles of journals, dictionaries, may be abbreviated (without periods) like: AHR DNB or OED.

9.23 BOOK information order: Author-Title-editor (compiler or translator)-author of preface (intro. Or foreward)-number or name of edition-name of series with vol. No. in series-(place:publisher, date of pub.)pages.

9.24 CHAPTER IN BOOK information order:Author-Title of chapter-"in" title of book-facts of publication-page numbers.

9.25 AUTHOR: name in normal word order. Use initials only if author commonly does so (T.S. Eliot). If author's name is not on title page but is learned from other source, place it in brackets. If two or three authors, list all in normal word order. If more than three, use first author and et al. (note that et al. Is not underlined but always has a period after al. Omit titles, degrees, etc.

9.36-.38 TITLE: underline title and subtitle. If subtitle is distinguished only by type size or page placement, separate it from title with a colon.

9.43-.47 EDITION: indicate numbered, reprint, paper or named editions.

9.50 PUBLICATION FACTS: (London: Hogarth Press, 1964)
BIBILICAL, CLASSICAL AND MEDIEVAL WORKS omit all facts of publication; legal works and some public documents omit all but date; for dictionaries., and encyclopedias. Atlases omit all but edition and date.

9.51-.55 PLACE-identify state or country only if not obvious. Use English name for foreign cities (Vienna instead of Wien). Follow with colon if publisher is named, with comma if only date follows.

9.0 PUBLISHING AGENCY: Omit "The" "Inc." "Ltd." "Co." May also shorten names like "W.W. Norton" to "Norton." Do not translate parts of names of foreign publishers.

9.66-.68 DATE: use date on title page or on copyright page. If more than one date on copyright page, use latest one. If date determined from one source other than book, place it in brackets. If no date is available, write "n.d."

9.69 PAGES: use "p." or "pp." Only when necessary to avoid confusion. Cite only specific pages used in periodical article, rather than entire article (unless reference is to article as a whole). Avoid using (80 f, 188f); instead cite (60-61, 88-92).

9.73-.82 MULTIVOLUME WORKS: Include total number of vols. If vols. issued in different years, ref. to the work as a whole must include inclusive dates. (see pp. 139-140 for examples)

9.83-.88 JOURNALS AND PERIODICALS: Author, "Title of Article," Name of periodical vol. or issue no. (date): pages. Note series information (if any) right after periodical title.
Ex. G.M. Moraes, "St. Francis Xavier, Apostolic Nuncio, 1542-52," Journal of Bombay Branch of Royal Asiatic Society, n.s. 26 (1950): 279-313.

9.89-.95 MAGAZINES AND NEWSPAPERS: For news magazines and similar publications, ignore any volume or issue numbers and cite by title, date and page. For English-language newspapers, drop "The" from titles. Do not do so for foreign titles, like Le Monde. Turabian suggests citing The Times of London as Times (London), but virtually all British and European historians cite it as: The Times and distinguish it from other "Times" by noting the cities in which they are published: New York Times, Bombay Times.

9.96 Articles in Encyclopedias and Dictionaries

9.97 Novels, Plays, Poems

9.101 Reviews

9.102 Interviews

9.103- 9.111 Greek and Latin Classics

9.112 Medieval Works

9.113 Scriptural References

9.114 Unpublished Material

9.115 Speeches

9.116 - 9.118 Legal Citations

9.121 - 9.128 Other unusual materials

9.119 - 9.120 MICROFORMS: cited much like books. But printed materials are filmed only for preservation (such as newspapers), the source may be cited as in its original published version without reference to its being in microfilm.

9.129 CITATION FROM SECONDARY SOURCE: If focus is on the work cited (or quoted) in secondary work, that work should be cited first following by "quoted (cited) in" and the secondary work afterwards. If focus is on the secondary author's citing of another work, the secondary work should be cited first, followed by "citing," followed by the work cited.

9.130-9.132 SECOND OR SUBSEQUENT REFERENCES: use short titles instead of "op. cit." or "loc. cit." "ibid." (in the same place) may be used if a work was cited in the immediately preceding reference.

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BIBLIOGRAPHIES

In bibliographies, the author's last name is listed first to assist in alphabetizing the entries. Also note differences in punctuation.

Sample Footnote and Bibliography Citations
(First footnote citation)
1Jasper Ridley, Statesman and Saint: Cardinal Wolsey, Sir Thomas More and the Politics of Henry VIII (New York: Viking Press, 1982), 72.

(Second and later short title citation)
Ridley, Statesman and Saint, 72.

(Bibliographical citation)
Ridley, Jasper. Statesman and Saint: Cardinal Wolsey, Sir Thomas More and the Politics of Henry VIII. New York: Viking Press, 1982.
(Note the reversal of first and last names between footnote and bibliographical entries, the punctuation changes in publication information, and the fact that only one space follows commas, periods and colons.)

Articles in scholarly journals-see 9.83-88; examples 11:39-11:40): (note that page numbers in note refer only to those pages cited but that bibliography entry includes total pages of the article.
Note: Steve J. Stern, "Feudalism, Capitalism, and the World-System in the Perspective of Latin America and the Caribbean," American Historical Review 93 (October 1988): 841-46.

(Volume numbers are in arabic numerals one space following the journal title (do not use "vol"); next is the date of the issue in parentheses followed by a colon and the actual page or pages cited in the footnote. Do not use the "p." or "pp." before the page numbers if a volume number is also cited.

(Second and later citation)
Stern, "Feudalism, Capitalism," 844-45.
bib: Stern, Steve J. "Feudalism, Capitalism, and the World-System in the Perspective of Latin America and the Caribbean." American Historical Review 93 (October 1988): 829-872.

(In the bibliography, the date (in parentheses) is followed by a colon and the pages of the entire article in the bibliography.)
(citation of letter from printed primary source. For examples of unpublished letters, see-9.114 and 11.53.)
4Palmerston to Lady Cowper, 2 January 1832, The Lieven-Palmerston Correspondence,
1828-1856, ed. Lord Sudley (London: John Murray, 1943), 31.

(Note the order of information in the note: names of correspondents, date, title of work containing the letter, editor, publication information, and page number.)
Sudley, Lord. ed. The Lieven-Palmerston Correspondence, 1828-1856. London: John Murray, 1943.
(Biblical citation does not contain information on specific letters cited.)

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